产地和生长年限对桔梗品质的影响

Effect of Different Producing Areas and Growing Years on the Quality of Platycodon grandiflorum

对河南省不同产地、不同生长年限的桔梗品质进行分析,为桔梗在河南的规范化种植提供理论依据。测定河南省鹿邑、商城、桐柏、嵩县4个地区桔梗主根长、根粗、根鲜质量、干质量及折干率等农艺性状,并采用HPLC法测定其桔梗皂苷D含量。结果表明,2年生桔梗的主根长、根粗、侧根数和桔梗皂苷D的含量都明显高于1年生桔梗。鹿邑产桔梗主根比其他3个产区的长1~3 cm,侧根少,且根鲜质量、干质量大;4个产区桔梗皂苷D含量均超出药典标准,其中商城2年生桔梗皂苷D含量最高,达到0.330%。综合农艺性状及药用成分含量,鹿邑产桔梗鲜质量、根粗等方面较优,适宜发展食用桔梗;商城、桐柏桔梗皂苷D含量均超药典标准,适宜做饮片;嵩县产桔梗药用成分高,适合药用,栽培时应注重增加密度。

In order to provide theoretical basis for effective cultivation of Platycodon grandiflorum in Henan province,the effect of different producing areas and growing years on the quality of Platycodon grandiflorum was analyzed. Samples were randomly selected from Luyi,Shangcheng,Tongbai and Songxian in Henan province. Taproot length,root diameter,root fresh mass,dry mass and drying rate were tested,meanwhile HPLC method was used to test platycodin-D content. The results showed that agronomic trait and platycodin-D content of biennials were significantly higher than those in annuals. The main root of Luyi platycodon was 1—3 cm longer than that of the other three areas,and showed less lateral root and higher root quality. The platycodin-D content of Platycodon grandiflorum in the four areas exceeded the pharmacopoeial standard,and among them Platycodon grandiflorum from Shangcheng showed the highest platycodin-D content of 0. 330%. According to the characteristic performance and the component content,P. grandiflorum in Luyi is suitable for eating because of its root length and root coarse,P. grandiflorum in Shangcheng and Tongbai is appropriate for medical use because their platycodin-D content is far above the medical standard. Although P. grandiflorum in Songxian has a high medicinal composition,on account of its poor characteristics,more attention should be paid on the increase of density when planting.