社会投资视角下环境治理、公共服务供给与劳动力空间集聚研究

Study on environmental governance,public service supply and labor space agglomeration in the perspective of social investment

新型城镇化的核心是人的城镇化。改革开放四十年来,中国进城农村剩余劳动力群体的异质化特征越来越明显,虽然就业与收入仍旧是影响劳动力迁移的重要因素,但是环境质量、公共服务水平也成为劳动力迁移决策的重要考量指标。基于2012和2014—2015年国家卫计委流动人口动态监测数据和国家统计局数据,统计显示:(1)近60%的流动人口在流入地都有着明确的居留意愿,全国户籍人口城镇化率呈现稳步提升态势,但地区间差距较大;(2)房价、污染物排放增长率、高等教育招生增长率存在较大的省际差异。进一步利用面板数据随机效应模型研究发现:(1)房价、教育招生、空气质量对流动人口居留意愿影响显著,每平米房价提高1 000元,居留意愿将降低1.573个百分点;(2)烟尘排放每提高一个百分点,流动人口居留意愿降低3.270个百分点;(3)高等院校教育招生规模每提高一个百分点,流动人口居留意愿提高0.222个百分点。研究认为,政府应该转变财政支出理念,由经济建设向社会服务支出倾斜,增加教育、环境治理、保障型住房建设等社会投资支出,进而改善公共服务的质量,为流动人口创造更好的生活及发展环境,引导城镇人口空间集聚优化。

The core of new type of urbanization is human urbanization. It has been 40 years after the China reform and opening-up. The hetero-generous characteristics of rural surplus labor groups have become more and more obvious in China. Although job opportunity and income are still the important factors that affect labor nfigration, environmental quality and the level of public service has also become important indicator of labor nfigration decisions. Based on the dynanfie monitoring data of the national health and fanfily planning eonmfission and the data of the National Bureau of Statistics in 2012 and 2014 2015, the statistics show that： ① Nearly 60% of the inmfigrating population have a clear intention to stay in urban area, and the urbanization rate of registered permanent residents in China is steadily increasing, but the gap between regions is larger than before. ② The growth rate of estate real price, pollutant emission and the rate of higher education enrollment are different in different provinces. Further data random effects model study finds that： ③ Several factors such as estate real price, education enrollment and the air quality that significantly affect immigrating population residence. The estate real prices increase 1,000 yuan/square meter, residence intend to be cut down by 1. 573%. @When soot emissions increase every one percentage point, the immigrating population will be reduced by 3. 270%. O） When education enrollment increases every one percentage point, immigrating population will be increased by 0.222%. Studies suggest that the government should change the idea of fiscal expenditure. They should change from the economic construction to the social service expenditure, increase social investment expenditure in the fields of education, environmental governance and economical housing construction. Thus we can improve the quality of public services, create better life and development environment for immigrating population, and guide urban agglomeration optimization.