乡镇社区老年人居家养老照护需求现状调查

Investigation on the domesticaged care service demand of the elderly in rural communities

目的 了解乡镇社区居家养老的老年人的健康状况及其对家庭照护服务的需求,为构建适宜的居家养老模式提供参考.方法 采用横断面调查法,使用自制问卷对随机抽取的江苏省昆山市张浦镇10个社区的居家老年人的人口学资料、健康资料、日常生活自理水平、对护理服务项目需求进行调查,使用SPSS16.0软件对调查数据进行统计学描述和分析.结果 共回收有效问卷726份.被调查老年人全部有收入来源和医疗保障,96.7%的老年人患有不同疾病,69.3%的老年人生活能够自理,10%~30%的老年人对各种护理服务项目有不同程度的需要.社区老年人是否患高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、卒中,其对护理服务的需求不同.结论 乡镇社区老年人的健康程度欠佳,有一定的医疗负担,部分老年人日常生活不能完全自理,需要他人提供帮助,社区居家养老服务除了生活照护之外,还应包含医疗护理专业服务项目的 内容.

Objective To investigate the health condition and aged care service demand in rural communities, so as to provide reference for the construction of home-based aged care mode. Methods Using cross-sectional survey, the demographic data, health information, self-care level of daily life, demands for nursing services of elderly selected from 10 communities in Zhangpu town, Kunshan city, Jiangsu province were investigated by a self-design questionnaire. The SPSS 16.0 software was applied to carry on the statistical description and data analysis. Results A total of 726 effective questionnaires were collected. All the respondents had income and medical security, of which 96.7% elderly suffered from different diseases; 69.3% could take care of themselves; and 10% to 30% elderly have different needs for various nursing service. Elderly people in communities whether or not with hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, or stroke, their needs for nursing services were different. Conclusions The health of the elderly in rural communities are not well and they have a certain medical burden. Some elderly people cannot take care of themselves in daily life and need others＇ help. In addition to living care, the home-based care for the elderly should include professional medical and nursing service.