王道政治如何成为可能?——橘朴的王道论与近代中国的重构

How the Kingship Politics become Possible: Shiraki Tachibana's Kingship Theory and the Reconstruction of Modern China

作为一名近代中国的研究者,橘朴对于王道政治有着独特的理解,他希望通过王道思想在中国建构一个有别于近代西方的新的文明共同体。其王道论有三项基本原则:地方分权主义、道德主义与善政主义。但橘朴并不排斥法制,而"自治"更是实现王道的基础。通过王道思想他要建构的是一个共同体国家,其中的代议制机构是集权型一院制机关,同时橘朴还要求在代议制中加入职业代表制的因素。而对于如何实现真正的自治这一难题,橘朴把目光投向了政党。他提出了通过单一的革命性政党对农村基层加以改造并最终实现"乡土自治"的方案。虽然橘朴的王道思想中包含了许多矛盾的成分,但其重视理论建构,重视解决基层问题的思路仍具有时代意义。

As a researcher of modern China,Shiraki Tachibana had his unique understanding against the Kingship Politics. He hoped to construct a new civilization community which was different from the modern western countries in China by making use of the Kingship concept. His Kingship theory had three basic principles: local decentralization,moralism and good governance. However,he did not object the legal systems and believed that the "self-ruling"was also the fundamental to achieve the Kingship Politics. What he wanted to construct with the Kingship concept was a community( Gemeinschaft) country,where the representative institution was the unicameral body that was integrated with ownership and management.Meanwhile,Shiraki Tachibana also asked to add professional representation system into the representative system. As for the way to achieve the true self-ruling,he set his eyes on the political parties. He proposed to rebuild the rural grass-roots by single revolutionary Party and finally achieved the program of "local self-ruling". Although the Kingship concept of Shiraki Tachibana included many conflicts,his focus on theoretical construction and solving the basic problems was still of epic significance.