近代以来日本传统工艺发展策略探析

On the Development Strategy of Traditional Crafts in Japan since Modern Times

日本传统工艺品历来以精致、严谨、耐用著称,其得益于自明治维新以来的一系列发展传统工艺的措施和策略。以文献考据和实证的方式,探析从明治维新时期为"殖产兴业"实施的相关政策,到1950年颁布的《文化财保护法》和1974年出台的《传统工艺品产业振兴法》,再到1998年实施的《传统工艺士认定事业实施要领》,以及为挽回日本传统工艺颓势所采取的策略等。一百多年来日本传统工艺能得以发展、保护和振兴,完备的措施、法律和制度提供了必要保证,之中的经验和教训对中国传统工艺振兴有借鉴作用。

Traditional Japanese handicrafts have long been known for their exquisiteness, rigor and durability, thanks to a series of measures and strategies for developing traditional crafts since Meiji Restoration. This paper conducts literature research and empirical analysis, from the policy of industry breeding and business initiating during Meiji Restoration, the Law on the Protection of Cultural Heritage promulgated in 1950, the Law of Traditional Handicraft Industry Promotion in 1974, and to the Implementation of the Traditional Artisans implemented in 1998, and other measures to restore the declining of traditional Japanese crafts. For over 100 years, Japanese traditional crafts have been developed, protected and revitalized. The complete measures, laws and systems provide necessary guarantee. The experience and lessons learned from them can be used for reference in the revitalization of traditional Chinese technology.