车前子形态鉴定研究

Morphology Identification Study of Plantain Seed

目的:通过对市场调查和产地调查中获得的车前子的外观形状进行系统的观察和测量,揭示车前子商品规格等级的内涵,制定出符合市场需求的车前子药材商品规格等级。方法:在每份样品中随机选取5粒车前子,置于体视镜下拍照,腹面和背面各1张(不清晰的多角度2张),放大倍数分别为10×4和10×5;将每个品种的长宽数值进行升序或降序排列,用长宽的极小值与极大值的范围表示车前子的大小;在每份样品中随机数出3份1 000粒车前子,分别称重,求其千粒重平均值。结果:车前子多为深黄棕色和黑褐色,平车前子一般呈现较浅的浅黄棕色、红棕色或黑褐色;车前子种脐表现明显,平车前子脐点表现不明显;平车前子较小,千粒重为0.147 6~0.231 7 g,明显小于车前子的千粒重0.502 4~0.760 1 g。结论:车前子的颜色、种脐形态和千粒重可作为判定车前子商品等级的宏观指标,车前子和平车前子除千粒重和颜色不同外,未发现其他较明显的差异。

Objective： Through the systematic observation and measurement of the appearance shape of the plantain seeds obtained in the market investigation and the area of origin investigation, to reveal the connotation of the commodity specification level of the plantain seed, and to develop the commodity specification level of the plantain seed medicinal material according with the market demand.Methods： Selected five plantain seeds in each sample randomly, took a picture of segmental venter with magnification factor 10×4, and a picture of the reverse side with magnification factor 10 ×5 under the stereoscope, took 2 pictures from many angles if it was unclear.Arranged the length and width values calculated for each variety in ascending or descending order, expressed the size of the plantain seed by the range of the minimum value and the maximum value of the length and width values. Counted 3 samples of 1000 grains of plantain seeds randomly in each sample and weighed, then obtained the average weight of 1 000 grains. Results： The colors of the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. were yellow brown and dark brown mostly, while the colors of the seeds of Plantago depressa Willd. were generally yellow brown, red brown or black brown. The hilum of Plantago asiatica L. seeds were obvious and the hilum of Plantago depressa Willd. seeds were not obvious. The weight of 1000 grain of Plantago depressa Willd. seeds were 0.147 6~0.231 7 g, it was significantly smaller than that of Plantago asiatica L. seeds＇ 0.502 4~0.760 1 g. Conclusion： The color, hilum morphology and the weight of 1 000 grains can be used as the microscopic index to determine the commodity grade of Plantain seed. Except for the weight of 1 000 grains and the colors, no obvious difference was found between Plantago asiatica L. and Plantago depressa Willd. seed.