生态移民儿童的框架效应及人格特征对风险决策的影响

Influence of Framing Effects and Personality Traits of Ecological Migrant Children upon Risk Decision Making

目的：探讨生态移民儿童的框架效应及其人格特征对风险决策的影响。方法：采用整群抽样方法,于2014年11月对宁夏生态移民地区月牙湖乡回民二中与贺兰县欣荣小学的738名10～15岁儿童分别进行问卷调查,被试者要求分别在正面和负面信息框架下做出选择并完成艾森克人格问卷。结果：正面信息框架下生态移民儿童选择回避和寻求风险百分比为58.54%和41.46%,负面信息框架下生态移民儿童选择回避和寻求风险百分比为38.35%和61.65%,差异具有统计学意义（χ2=60.224,P〈0.01）。生态移民儿童的男生和女生在面临风险时的决策均表现出框架效应,在正面或负面信息框架下选择回避风险的概率在两者之间差异无统计学意义。但在正面和负面信息框架下,精神质与外倾性典型高分组和典型低分组的风险倾向差异无统计学意义,神经质典型高分组和典型低分组的风险倾向差异具有统计学意义（χ2=7.735,5.098;P〈0.05）。结论：生态移民儿童风险决策的框架效应显著,神经质人格的移民儿童更倾向于风险寻求。

Objective：To explore the influence of framing effects and personality traits of ecological migrant children upon risk decision making.Methods：Using the cluster sampling method,a total of 738 eco-migrant children in Ningxia aged 10 to 15 years were selected.They were asked to complete the risk decision option and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.Results：Of the participants who received the positive format,41.46% opted for Program A-the risk-averse alternative and 58.54% chosen the risky option.Meanwhile,of the participants who received the negative format,61.65% opted for Program A-the risk-averse alternative and 38.35%chose the risky option.A 2（framing）＊2（response）chi-square test revealed significant difference（χ2=60.224,P〈0.01）.In addition,no gender difference in risk preference found.In the positive or negative information framework,there was not statistically difference between the typical high-risk group and the typical low-risk groups of psychoticism and extroversion.However,there was statistically difference between the typical high-risk group and the typical low-risk groups of Neuroticism（χ2=7.735,5.098,P〈0.05）.Conclusion：The framework effect of risk decision-making for ecological migration children is statistically significant.The immigrant children with neurotic personality are inclined to risk-seeking.