农民工子女自尊与社会适应性、心理健康及应付方式相关分析

Relationship Between Self-esteem,Social Adaptability,Mental Health and Coping Style in Migrant Workers’ Children

目的：了解农民工子女与非农民工子女自尊、心理健康、社会适应性及应付方式方面的差异,探讨自尊与心理健康、社会适应性之间的关系。方法：随机抽取浦东南片地区农民工子女与非农民工子女,采用自尊调查表、心理健康量表、中学生社会适应性量表及应付方式问卷进行自尊、心理健康、社会适应性及应付方式测评。结果：在自尊方面,农民工子女低于非农民工子女（t=3.010,P〈0.05）;在社会适应性方面,农民工子女低于非农民工子女（t=1.868,P〈0.05）;在心理健康方面,农民工子女心理健康水平低于非农民工子女（t=-2.676,P〈0.05）;在强迫症状、人际关系紧张与敏感、焦虑、学习压力、适应不良因子中,农民工子女得分明显高于非农民工子女,二者之间存在显著差异（t=-2.229,-2.529,-2.245,-2.393,-3.29;P〈0.05）。在应付方式问卷中,农民工子女与非农民工子女在幻想、退避、合理化3个因子上存在显著差异（t=-1.974,-0.791,0.898;P〈0.05）。相关分析发现,自尊与心理健康、社会适应性及各维度、以及应付方式各维度存在密切相关（P〈0.01）。其中自尊与心理健康水平存在正相关（r=0.378,P〈0.01）,而与社会适应性及各因子存在明显负相关（r=-0.488,-0.574;P〈0.01）,与成熟型应对方式存在正相关（r=0.286,P〈0.01）,与不成熟型及混合型应对方式存在负相关（r=-0.184,P〈0.01）。结论：农民工子女在自尊水平、心理健康、社会适应性及应付方式方面低于非农民工子女;自尊与心理健康水平、社会适应性、应付方式存在密切相关。

Objective：To understand the differences in self-esteem,mental health,social adaptability and coping styles between migrant children and non-migrant workers＇ children,and to explore the relationship between selfesteem and mental health and social adaptability.Methods：Children of migrant workers or non-migrant workers from the south Pudong area were randomly selected to complete the self-esteem questionnaire（SES）,mental health scale,high school students＇ social adaptability scale and coping style questionnaire for their self-esteem,mental health,social adaptability and coping style survey.Results：The score of self-esteem was lower in migrant children than that of non-migrant children（t=3.010,P〈0.05）;the score of social adaptability was lower in migrant children than that of non-migrant children（t=1.868,P〈0.05）.The score of mental health was also lower in migrant children than those of non-migrant children（t=-2.676,P〈0.05）.Among the obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal tension and sensitivity,anxiety,learning pressure and maladaptation,the scores of migrantchildren were significantly higher than those of non-migrant children（t=-2.229,-2.529,-2.245,-2.393,-3.29;P〈0.05）.In the coping style questionnaire,there were significant differences between the migrant children and non-migrant children in fantasy,retreat and rationalization（t=-1.974,-0.791,0.898;P〈0.05）.Correlation analysis found that self-esteem was closely related to mental health,social adaptability and dimensions,and coping styles（P〈0.01）.Self-esteem was correlated positively with mental health（r= 0.378,P〈0.01）and mature coping style（r= 0.286,P〈0.01）,but correlated negatively with social adaptability and factors（r=-0.488,-0.574;P〈0.01）and immature and mixed coping style（r=-0.184,P〈0.01）.Conclusion：The level of self-esteem,mental health,social adaptability and coping style are lower in migrant children than non-migrant children.Self-esteem is closely related to mental health level,social adaptability and coping style.