炼油厂废气的排放与防治

Emission and Control of Refinery Waste Gas

炼油厂生产过程中会产生大量废气,如不加以治理,会给环境带来严重危害。以某石化企业为例,对炼油厂生产过程中产生的工艺废气、燃烧烟气等进行统计分析。炼油厂的废气来源通常包括有组织排放源、无组织排放源和火炬排放烟气等。为使废气污染物达标排放,治理措施主要有：燃料气脱硫、催化烟气旋风分离、重整装置再生尾气处理、硫磺回收装置、减少烃类排放、减少恶臭气体排放、锅炉废气治理设施等。其中,减少烃类排放主要包括原油及轻油采用浮顶罐储存、设置气柜回收燃料气、常减压装置＂三顶＂气回收、油气回收装置等;减少恶臭气体排放主要包括含硫污水密闭输送、储罐恶臭气体处理等。炼油厂除了对传统的SO2、NOx、烟尘等常规污染物排放源进行监测外,还要加强对非甲烷总烃、VOCs、TSP等排放源进行监测,并对特征污染物的无组织排放进行监控。

A large amount of waste gas is produced during the operation of refineries. Without treatment, it will bring serious harm to the environment.Taking a petrochemical enterprise as an example,this paper statistically analyzes the process waste gas and combustion flue gas produced during the operation of the refinery.The sources of refinery waste gas usually include organized emission sources,fugitive emission sources and flare gas.In order to meet the emission standards for waste gas pollutants,some treatment measures are taken including fuel gas desulfurization,cyclone separation of FCC flue gas,treatment of regenerated tail gas from CCR unit,installing sulfur recovery unit,reducing hydrocarbon emissions,reducing odor gas emissions and installing boiler waste gas treatment facilities.Among them,reducing hydrocarbon emissions mainly includes using floating roof tanks for crude oil and light oil storage,installing gas holders to recover fuel gas,recovering overhead gases from atmospheric and vacuum distillation units,and installing oil and gas recovery facilities;reducing odor gas emissions mainly includes the closed transportation of sulfur-containing wastewater and the treatment of odor gas in tanks.In addition to monitoring conventional pollutant emission sources such as SO2,NOx and smoke dust,the refinery should strengthen the monitoring of emission sources such as non-methane total hydrocarbons,VOCs and TSP,and also monitor the fugitive emission of characteristic pollutants.