提供可期待的教育:城镇化背景下农村教育发展指向的省思

Providing Expectant Education:Thoughts on the Developmental Orientation of Rural Education in the Context of Urbanization

随着城镇化进程的推进,农村教育面临规模急剧缩小和质量不升反降的双重困局,有关农村教育发展指向的争论也由"为农"与"离农"之争转变为"本地特色"与"教育城镇化"之争。然而,这两种论争的焦点与内容看似升级转换,但仍窠臼于人本主义与发展主义的理念分歧,并且忽略了三大实际:一是农村教育基础性功能维续不足及其促进农村学生社会进阶功能的弱化;二是弱势人口的农村空间集聚与城乡社会等级结构的互为强化;三是现代化中国城镇化趋势与农村人口向城流动的必然选择。明确为每位学生提供可期待的教育作为城镇化背景下农村教育的发展指向显得极其重要,具体体现在三个方面:一是重视农村教育实现农村学生社会进阶和融合功能;二是重视农村教育促进农村学生积极社会化作用;三是重视农村教育为农村学生习得现代科技与生活方式的作用。

With the advancement of urbanization, rural education is faced with the dual dilemma of dramatic shrinking of size and declining of quality. Moreover, the debate has shifted fi＇om ＂for farming＂ and ＂deviation from farming＂ about the developmental orientation of rural education to ＂local features＂ and ＂educational urbanization＂. However, the focus and content of the two kinds of debates seem to have been upgraded and transformed, but they are still limited by the theoretical divergenc, e of humanism and developmentalism. And the debates ignore three actual situations： （ 1 ） the fundamental funetion of rural education is not solid enough and its function in helping rural students advance in the society is also weakened; （2） rural space agglomeration of vulnerable groups and social class structure between the countryside and the city are mutually strengthened; （3） there is an inevitable choice between the urbanization trend of modernized China and the population mobility from the country to the city. Based on that, it has become extremely important to make it clear that providing expectant education for every student is viewed as the developmental orientation of rural education in the context of urbanization,which is manifested in the following three aspects： first, emphasis shouhl be put on the function of rural education helping rural studenls advance in and be integrated into the society; second, emphasis should be put on the role of rural education helping rural students actively become socialized; and third, emphasis shouht be put on the role of rural education helping rural students acquire both the modern science and technology and the modern lifestyle.