高强韧锆合金的发展与应用

Development and applications of zirconium alloys with high strength and toughness

锆及其合金具有较好的尺寸稳定性、抗辐照和耐腐蚀等性能,因此在航空航天、航海、核反应堆和生物医用等领域具有重要的应用前景.而纯锆及应用较为广泛的锆合金的抗拉强度较低,提升锆及其合金的力学性能成为其能成功应用于结构件的关键环节.本文简要概述了锆及其合金在核工业、化工、医疗及航空航海等领域的发展现状.此外,本文还着重介绍了新型高强韧锆合金的设计与制备,获取了可在空间探测、深海探测以及高速铁路等特殊领域中使用的锆系合金的最佳成分,并详细阐述了新型高强韧锆合金的强化机理及其在核电、化工及航空领域中的应用.

Zirconium（Zr） and Zr alloys have good dimensional stability,irradiation resistance and corrosion resistance. As a result,they have important application prospects in the fields of aerospace,navigation,nuclear reactor and biological medicine. But the strength of pure Zr and widely used Zr alloys is low,hence it is a key step to enhance its mechanical properties to make them successfully applied in structural materials.The paper briefly reviewsthe development of Zr and Zr alloys in nuclear,chemicalindustry,medical,aviation,navigation and other fields. This paper also focuses on the introduction of the design and preparation of a new type of Zr alloy with high strength and toughness. The optimum composition of Zr alloy used in space exploration,deep sea exploration and high-speed railway is obtained. The strengthening mechanism of the new Zr alloy as well as its applications in the fields of nuclear power,chemical engineering and aviation are also described in details.