卧龙国家级自然保护区水鹿夏季生境选择

Summer habitat selection of sambar deer ( Rusa unicolor) in Wolong National Nature Reserve

2015年7-8月,采用样方法对卧龙国家级自然保护区水鹿夏季生境进行了调查。共布设160个样方,其中75个为空白对照样方,85个为利用样方,测量并比较了两类样方中海拔、坡度等15个生境变量,并根据Logistic回归分析及赤池信息标准(Akaike information criterion,AIC)选取出最佳的水鹿夏季生境选择模型。结果表明:影响卧龙水鹿夏季生境选择的主要因素为隐蔽度、坡度、距人为干扰距离和距水源距离。在夏季,卧龙水鹿通常选择隐蔽度较好、缓坡(<20°)、距人为干扰距离远(≥1 000 m)及距离水源近(<500 m)的生境。此外,植被类型对于卧龙水鹿夏季生境选择也有一定的影响(χ~2=11.499,df=4,P=0.021)。有约92%的利用样方分布于各种类型的森林中,仅有约8%的利用样方分布于海拔3 500 m左右的杜鹃及高山栎灌丛带。

From July to August 2015, the quadrat sampling method was used to investigate summer habitat selection by sambar deer in Wolong National Nature Reserve. Fifteen habitat variables, such as elevation and slope gradient were as- sessed for 160 quadrats. Of the 160 quadrats, 85 were sites used by Rusa unicolor and 75 were random sites. An optimal model for habitat selection of Rusa unicolor was chosen according to the results of logistic regression analysis and Akaike in- formation criterion （A1C）. The results showed that the key ecological factors affecting the habitat selection of Rusa ulticolor in summer were concealment, slope gradient, distance from human disturbance, and distance to water. In summer, Rusa unicolor prefer habitats with good or moderate concealment, gentle slope （ 〈 20°）, far from human disturbance （≥1 000 m） and near water resources （ 〈 500 m）. Furthermore, the results also suggested that vegetation type affected habitat selection of Rusa unicolor to some extent （X2 = 11. 499, df= 4, P = 0. 021 ）. Around 92% of the sites used by Rusa unicolor were found in all kinds of forests, and only around 8% were found in the shrubland of Rhododendron sp. and Quercus semecarpifolia located at around 3 500 m above sea level.