木质纤维对木塑复合材料力学性能和吸水性能的影响

Effects of Wood Fiber on Mechanical Properties and Water Absorbability of Wood Plastic Composite

以稻壳粉、竹粉为增强体,以非医疗回收塑料为基体,制备了粉体/非医疗回收塑料木塑复合材料,研究了粉体粒径、用量及种类对木塑复合材料力学性能和吸水性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料断面进行观察。结果表明：稻壳粉/非医疗回收塑料木塑复合材料的力学性能随稻壳粉粒径的增大先上升后下降,吸水率随着稻壳粉粒径和用量的增加分别呈下降和上升趋势;当稻壳粉用量为50%、粒径为40目时,稻壳粉/非医疗回收塑料木塑复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量比纯非医疗回收塑料分别提高8.68%、164.99%、47.72%、184.83%。竹粉/非医疗回收塑料木塑复合材料的力学性能要优于稻壳粉/非医疗回收塑料木塑复合材料,其拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量比稻壳粉/非医疗回收塑料木塑复合材料分别提高5.16%、19.63%、12.88%、18.51%,比纯非医疗回收塑料分别提高14.28%、217.01%、66.75%、237.56%。

Powder/non medical recycled plastic composites were made with rice husk powder, bamboo powder as the reinforcements, and non medical recycled plastic as the matrix. The influence of meshes, contents and species of powder on the mechanical properties and water absorbability of the composite was investigated. The morphology of the composite was observed by SEM. The results show that the mechanical properties of the rice husk powder/non medical recycled plastic composites increase first and then decrease with increase of the meshes of rice husk powder, and increase with the increase of content of rice husk powder. With the increase of rice husk powder mesh size and content, water absorbency of composites decreases and increases respectively. Mechanical properties of the composites are best when the content is 50%, and the mesh is 40. While tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus increase by 8.68%, 164.99%, 47.72%, 184.83% respectively, compared with non medical recycled plastic. The mechanical properties of bamboo powder/non medical recycled plastic composite is better than that of rice husk powder/non medical recycled plastic composite, and the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus increase by 5.16%, 19.63%, 12.88%, 18.51% respectively, compared with rice husk powder/non medical recycled plastic composite; and increase by 14.28%, 217.01%, 66.75%, 237.56% respectively, compared with non medical recycled plastic.