多重规制下小农户质量安全生产行为的重塑——以吉林省水稻种植农户为例

Remodeling of The Production Safety Behavior of Small Farmers under Multiple Regulations——Taking The Rice Farmers in Jilin Province as An Example

信息不对称导致的农产品市场失灵是造成农产品质量安全问题的主因,需要政府实施规制进行矫正,但面对广大分散经营的小农户,政府规制面临着失灵的困境。小农户具有文化素质低、经营规模小、土地细碎化和组织化低等特点,决定了其在农产品质量安全生产行为上的异化。面对农产品质量安全上的市场和政府的双重失灵,农户在内无经济利益驱动外无制度约束的状态下,依靠密集投放化肥、农药等增产效果显著的农用生产资料来达到增产增收的目的,就成为了其必然的选择。吉林省的小农户更是面临着生产规模小、缺乏优质生产技术和市场适应能力差等诸多问题,需要政府实施激励性机制、规范性机制、惩罚性机制和服务性机制进行质量安全生产行为的重塑。

Agricultural products market failure caused by information asymmetry is the main reason for the problems of agricultural product quality and safety. So it is necessary for the government to implement regulations to deal with it. However, in the face of the large number of scattered farmers, government regulation is facing the predicament of failure. The dissimilation in production behavior of the quality and safety of agricultural products results from the characteristics of low cultural quality, small scale of operation, land fragmentation and low degree of organization of small farmers. In the face of the dual failures of markets and governments in the quality and safety of agricultural products, farmers rely on intensive injections of agricultural production materials such as fertilizers and pesticides to achieve the purpose of increasing production and income, without being driven by economic incentives and institutional constraints. It is an inevitable choice. Small farmers in Jilin Province are faced with many problems such as small scale of production, lack of high-quality production technologies and poor market adaptability. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to implement incentive mechanisms, normative mechanisms, punitive mechanisms, and service mechanisms to remodel the production behavior of quality safety.