大学生共情能力与希望的关系:自尊的中介作用

The relationship between empathy ability and hope among university students:the mediating effect of self-esteem

目的探讨大学生共情能力与希望的关系,并分析自尊在其中的中介作用。方法采用大学生共情能力量表、希望量表、自尊量表对重庆市3所大学的280名大学生进行调查,并对调查结果进行统计分析。结果大学生共情能力量表得分为(3.19±0.47)分,其中共情识别、共情理解及共情应对维度得分分别为(3.39±0.88)分、(3.06±0.63)分及(3.11±0.77)分。大学生的希望量表及自尊量表得分则分别为(3.45±0.37)分及(3.35±0.30)分。相关分析结果显示,大学生的共情能力与自尊及希望均呈正相关(P<0.05),其中共情识别、共情理解与自尊及希望均呈正相关(P<0.05),而共情应对与自尊及希望并无显著相关性(P>0.05),此外,自尊与希望呈正相关(P<0.05)。中介作用检验结果显示,大学生的共情能力对其希望及自尊均有正向预测作用(P<0.01),且大学生的自尊对其希望也有正向预测作用(P<0.01);加入自尊这一中介变量之后,共情能力对希望的路径系数由原来的0.30变为0.07,其效应无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明大学生的自尊在共情能力与希望之间发挥了完全中介作用,中介效应与总效应之比为93.00%。结论大学生的共情能力与希望及自尊均呈正相关,同时大学生的自尊与希望呈正相关,且自尊是共情能力与希望之间的中介变量。

Objective To assess the relationship between empathy ability and hope,and also analyze the mediating effect of self-esteem on such a relationship among university students.Methods A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 280 students from 3 universities in Chongqing.The Empathy Ability Scale,Hope Scale,and Self-esteem Scale for University Students were used in this study,and the results were analyzed statistically.Results The mean score of Empathy Ability Scale was 3.19±0.47 among these university students;the scores of empathy identification,empathy understanding,and empathy response domains were 3.39±0.88,3.06±0.63 and 3.11±0.77,respectively.The mean scores of Hope Scale and Self-esteem Scale were 3.45±0.37 and 3.35±0.30,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that,the empathy ability of university students was positively correlated with self-esteem and hope（P〈0.05）;the empathy identification and empathy understanding domains had a positive correlation with both self-esteem and hope（P〈0.05）,while the empathy response domain was not significantly correlated with self-esteem or hope（P〈0.05）.Besides,a positive correlation was observed between self-esteem and hope（P〈0.05）.The test results for the mediating effect indicated that,the empathy ability of university students could positively predict their hope and self-esteem（P〈0.01）,and their self-esteem could also positively predict their hope（P〈0.01）.After the addition of the mediating variable self-esteem,the path coefficient between empathy ability and hope changed from 0.30 to 0.07,which was statistically insignificant（P〈0.05）,indicating that self-esteem had a complete mediating effect on the relationship between empathy ability and hope,with a mediating effect/overall effect ratio of 93.00% .Conclusion The empathy ability of university students is positively correlated with both self-esteem and hope,and self-esteem is also positively correlated with hope.Self-esteem is a mediating variable between empathy ability and hope.