重庆市社区居民高血压知信行现状分析

Analysis of hypertension-related knowledge-belief-practice among community residents in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市社区居民的高血压知信行现状,以便为卫生部门制定合理的针对高血压的预防方案及干预措施提供参考。方法参照国内外相关文献,并结合研究目的自行设计高血压知信行问卷,采用简单随机抽样方法选取重庆市某城区下辖社区的1 065名居民进行问卷调查。结果在高血压相关知识、信念及行为部分,处于低分段的调查对象分别有578人(54.3%)、603人(56.6%)及582人(54.6%),处于高分段的调查对象分别有487人(45.7%)、462人(43.4%)及483人(45.4%)。不同年龄段、文化程度、家庭人均月收入及婚姻状况的调查对象其高血压相关知识得分及行为得分的分数段分布(高分段及低分段)不同,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、年龄段、户口类型、文化程度、家庭人均月收入及婚姻状况的调查对象其高血压相关信念得分的分数段分布(高分段及低分段)不同,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄越小、文化程度越高、家庭人均月收入越高人群在高血压相关知识及行为得分高分段的人数比例越高,已婚人群较其他婚姻状态人群在高血压相关知识及行为得分高分段的人数比例更高;文化程度越高、家庭人均月收入越高人群在高血压相关信念得分高分段的人数比例越高。结论重庆市社区居民的高血压知信行现状亟待提高,部分社区居民对高血压危险因素及并发症的了解不够全面。亟需针对社区居民进行高血压相关知识的健康教育,其中老年人群、文化程度较低人群、低收入人群及离异丧偶人群是健康教育的重点人群,而高血压危险因素及其并发症则是健康教育的重点内容。

Objective To investigate the current status of hypertension-related knowledge-belief-practice among community residents in Chongqing,so as to provide evidence for health authorities to develop rational preventative measures and interventions for hypertension.Methods Based on both domestic and international literatures,in connection with the purpose of this study,a self-designed questionnaire on hypertension-related knowledge-belief-practice was developed.Using the method of simple random sampling,a total of 1 065 community residents in Chongqing were surveyed.Results In the domains of hypertension-related knowledge,belief and practice,578（54.3% ）,603（56.6% ）and 582（54.6% ）residents scored low,487（45.7% ）,462（43.4% ）and 483（45.4% ）residents scored high,respectively.The distribution of scores（high versus low）in the domains of hypertension-related knowledge and practice varied significantly with age,educational background,average monthly household income,and marital status（P〈0.05）.The distribution of score（high versus low）in the domain of hypertension-related belief also varied significantly with gender,age,registered residence type,educational background,average monthly household income,and marital status（P〈0.05）.Higher proportions of residents who scored high in the domains of hypertension-related knowledge and practice were associated with younger age,higher educational background,higher average monthly household income,and married status.A higher proportion of residents who scored high in the domain of hypertensionrelated belief was associated with higher educational background and higher average monthly household income.Conclusion As there is a lack of knowledge about the risk factors and complications of hypertension among some community residents in Chongqing,the overall status of hypertension-related knowledge-beliefpractice needs to be improved.It is imperative to provide hypertension-related health education for these residents,particularly for the elderly population as well as those with a low educational background,a low household income,and divorced or widowed people.The risk factors and complications of hypertension should become the focus of such health education initiatives.