体用范畴及其在中医学领域的渗透

Category of noumenon and expression and its penetration into the theory of traditional Chinese medicine

体用是中国古代哲学中的一对基本范畴,其萌芽于先秦,流行于魏晋,成熟于宋明,泛用于近代。在不同的历史时期,体用范畴不同程度地渗透到中医学理论的形成和发展当中,是阴阳之渊薮、辨证之圭臬、组方之要则、用药之绳墨。体用范畴影响了天人合一思维、意象思维、辨证思维等思维方法的形成,为中医学的认知方式奠定了思维基础。拓展体用范畴所渗透的中医理论的研究视域,有助于我们深层次把握中医理论和其思维方法的本质特征,从而促进中医药理论的发展。

Noumenon and expression constitute a basic pair of categories in China＇s ancient philosophy. Category of noumenon and expression sprouted in the pre-Qin period, prevailed in the Wei-Jin dynasties, matured in the Song-Ming dynasties, and flooded in modern times. In different historical periods, category of noumenon and expression infiltrated into the formation and development of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. It is related to the origin of yin-yang, the criteria for differentiation, the requirements of compatibility of prescription and pharmacy in TCM. The category of noumenon and expression influences the formation of thinking methods such as harmony of man with nature, imagery thinking and dialectical thinking, which lays the foundation for thinking in the cognitive style of Chinese medicine. Extending the perspective of TCM theory penetrated by the category of noumenon and expression will help us grasp the essential characteristics of TCM theory and its thinking methods in depth, which promots the development of TCM theory.