基于语料库的《黄帝内经》脑系病名规范化翻译

Corpus-based study on translation of disease terms of brain system in Huangdi Neijing

文章选取《黄帝内经》2部译本和现行具有权威性的4部汉英对照中医名词术语标准为语料来源,建立了针对性的小型语料库。通过统计分析语料库中病名术语英译文的一致率,发现2个译本和4部标准中脑系病名英译文Ⅰ级(术语英译文完全一致)、Ⅱ级(术语英译文基本一致)、Ⅲ级(术语英译文部分一致)的一致率为零;Ⅳ级(术语英译文不一致)一致率的术语共16条,V级(术语英译文不存在)一致率的术语共74条。笔者对Ⅳ级术语(以"柔痉、肉痿、筋痿、暴聋、真头痛"为例)进行术语涵义考辨及英译文对比研究,探讨合理的译法,以期为《黄帝内经》病名术语翻译的规范化、中医疾病名词术语标准的词量扩充及翻译修订带来启示。

In this paper, a targeted small corpus was established and two versions of Huangdi Neijing and the current authoritative Chinese-English terminology standard of TCM terms were selected as the source of the corpus. Then, the concordance rate of translation of disease terms in corpus was statistically analyzed. It was found that the consistency rate of Level Ⅰ（the terminology translation is completely consistent）, Level Ⅱ（terminology translation is basically the same）, Level Ⅲ（terminology English translation is partially consistent） was zero in the two versions of Huangdi Neijing and the current authoritative Chinese-English terminology standard of TCM terms. There were 16 terms of Level Ⅳ（the terminology translation is completely different） and 74 terms of Level Ⅴ（the translation is not existing）. At last, the author took ‘febrile convulsion without chills, muscle flaccidity, tendon flaccidity, sudden deafness, intolerable headache＇ of Level Ⅳ as examples to examine the meaning of the terms and contrasted their different translations so as to explore reasonable translations. It hopes that this research can provide enlightenment for the standardization of disease name translation in Huangdi Neijing and for the expansion of the vocabulary and the revision of translation of TCM terminology.