近十年英国幼儿教师职前教育政策探析

A Study on the British Early Years Initial Teacher Training Policies over the Last Decade

2006年以来,英国出台了"早期教育专业教师资格"和"早期教育教师"两项幼儿教师职前教育政策。二者对培训目标、内容、实施途径和质量保障机制均作了严格的规定。总体而言,近十年英国幼儿教师职前教育政策是在国内外环境影响下,针对低质量的儿童服务体系和基础教育状况而提出的,其目标在于培养卓越的幼儿教师,其经费采用政府资助和其他渠道并行的方式,其成效较为显著,但也存在着不能提高公立学前教育机构教师质量等问题。近十年英国幼儿教师职前教育政策具有以相关的法律法规为依据、以运作成熟的大型项目为依托、以综合集成为取向的统筹管理、以"标准"为基础的资格认证制度和以"实践"为主体的项目培训等特点。

Since 2006,two Early Years Initial Teacher Training Policies have been introduced by the British government,namely the ＂Early Years Professional Status＂ and ＂Early Years Teachers＂. The two policies strictly specified the objectives,contents,approaches and quality assurance mechanism of training. Under the influence of environment at home and abroad in the last decade,these policies were put forward in order to cultivate excellent preschool teachers in aid of the low quality of children service system and the terrible condition of basic education in Britain. Overall,the British ITT policies over the last decade have been very effective with both government funding and other sources of funds. However,their failure to improve the quality of teachers in public preschool education institutions and other problems shouldn＇t be ignored. This paper summarizes the following characteristics of British ITT policies over the last decade：they were based upon relative laws and regulations,planned and managed according to large-scale projects of mature operation and oriented to meta synthesis. In addition,they featured qualification systems on the basis of ＂standard＂ and training programs taking practice as priority.