轮轨耦合高速电梯导轨振动特性分析

Analysis of vibration response of high speed elevator guideway considering wheel-rail coupling

电梯的不断提速使得导轨的振动越来越明显,降低了高速电梯运行的舒适性和安全性。因此,对在高速状态下电梯导轨振动响应的研究势在必行。文章基于达朗贝尔原理,从轮轨及滚轮与轿厢间的相互作用关系出发,建立了轿厢—滚轮—导轨大系统的耦合动力学模型;采用变量离散下的新型显式二步数值积分法,借助MATLAB软件进行数值仿真,研究了各结构参数对导轨振动的影响规律。结果表明:高速电梯轿厢系统与导轨耦合作用下,导轨的水平振动响应不可忽略且表现出振动挠度和震荡2种形式;导轨表面不平度主要影响导轨震荡,且幅值随其表面不平度增大而增大;轮轨预紧力对导轨振动挠度和震荡均有显著影响,当预紧力取值分别为10、20、40 N时,导轨振动挠度幅值分别为1.9×10^(-5)、3.4×10^(-5)、6.8×10^(-5)m,其振动挠度近似成倍增加,同时导轨的震荡幅值则逐渐减小。

The increasing speed of the elevator makes the vibration of the guide more and more obvious,which reduces the comfort and safety of the high speed elevator. Therefore,it is imperative to study the vibration response of the elevator guide rail at high speed. Based on Darren Bell ＇s principle,the coupling dynamics model of car roller rail large system is built based on the interaction between wheel rail,roller and car. Then the new explicit two-step numerical integration method under variable discretization and numerical simulation with MATLAB software were used to analyze rail surface roughness and rolling guide shoes-rail preload on the vibration response of the guide rail,and the results showed that under the coupling of the car system and the guide rail,the horizontal vibration response of the guideway can not be ignored,showing two forms of vibration deflection and vibration;rail surface roughness mainly affects rail vibration, and as the surface roughness increases rail vibration amplitude increases; the wheel-rail pre-tightening force has a significant influence on the vibration deflection and vibration of the guide rail,with the increase of the pre-tightening force,the vibration deflection of the guide rail gradually increases and the amplitude of the rail oscillation gradually decreases.