《庄子》“卮言”考辨

A Textual Research on “Goblet Words”in the Zhuang Zi

本文对《庄子》"卮言"的性状、种类作了扼要而系统的考辨,并基于此,对诠解不同类型卮言所当取之蹊径作了思致相应的探索。庄子所谓"言无言"乃是以"言"的方式对"言"本身的摈斥,因此也是对"言"与"无言"之界限的消释,而"卮言"则正是黜除"言"本身而泯却"言"与"无言"的界限之"言"。庄子"齐‘物论’"以"齐物"而作"逍遥"之"游"的人生祈向是浪漫却又朴率的,其汪洋恣肆之行状未尝不曾涵淹悲慨世道人心之苍凉;由"不道之道"而主张"不言之辩"的他终于不得不言而借重"卮言",这"卮言"看似"谬悠""荒唐"而"无端崖"可觅,却仍可从究竟处迻译出几分沉郁之"庄语"。

The paper makes a brief and systematic textual research on the trait and category of the"goblet words"(zhiyan)in the Zhuang Zi.And on its basis it follows the corresponding thought and explores the ways to explain different types of goblet words.What Zhuang Zi called the"expression of the inexpressible"is to dismiss"expression"itself by means of"expression"and thus clear up the boundary between"expression"and"the inexpressible",and the"goblet words"are just to cast away the"expression"itself while eliminating"expression"in the boundary between"expression"and"the inexpressible".In Zhuang Zi’s"Doctrine of Making All Things Equal",life orientation towards a"peripatetic journey"by"making all things equal"is romantic but simple and unadorned,his casual and elegant tour went on without ever failing to experience the desolate heart of the world with a grief and indignation;from"Tao not declaring itself as Tao"to"argument without words",he finally had to rely on"goblet words",which seem to be"fabulous","absurd"and blithering on"an endless cliff",but can still be translated into a somewhat depressed"solemn statement".