1946-1947年蒋介石行宪筹备活动述论

A Study of Constitutional Preparation by Chiang Kai-shek from 1946 to 1947

1946年国共全面内战之际,蒋介石逆行政协协议,决意先制宪后改组政府,力推国民党主导下的行宪程序,试图以政治手段配合军事手段击败中国共产党。在1946年底的制宪国大上,蒋变相排斥中国共产党、民盟于宪政进程之外,借此在军事和政治两条战线同时打击中国共产党。1947年蒋继续筹备行宪,在宪政失去对中国共产党政治斗争策略意义的情况下,经六届三中全会和政府改组,形成国民党、青年党和民社党"三党行宪"格局。在蒋操纵下,不放弃独大态度的国民党在正式行宪前将宪政活动主导权完全掌控,"一党宪政"的真实动机暴露无遗。1946-1947年,在蒋介石行宪筹备过程中,宪政纠葛由国共关系问题逐渐演变为国民党内部问题,构成民国末期国民党政治危机的重要组成部分。

In 1946, when comprehensive KMT- CPC civil war broke out, Chiang Kai- shek reversed the agreement of Political Consultative Conference, and decided to reorganize the government after drawing up the constitution, carried out the constitutional scheme designed by KMT with the aim to defeat CPC by mil- itary means accompanied by political way. At the end of 1946, the National Assembly frame a constitution violating Chiang＇ s desire of dictatorship and overturning KMT＇ s political design, but after the conference, Chiang went on preparing the constitutional activity, excluded CPC and China Democratic League in dis- guised form. In 1947, by uniting the Democratic Social Party and the Chinese Youth Party with the form of three - party constitutionalism, KMT dominated the government and controlled the constitutional activity to- tally which revealed the real motive of one - party monopoly. During Chiang＇ s constitutional preparation from1946 to1947, the dispute over constitutionalism evolved from the issue of relationship between KMT and CPC into the internal problem of KMT, which constituted a part of KMT＇ s political crisis in the late Republic of China.