美国工会与马歇尔计划--从外交活动看美国工会上层的保守性格

American Labor and the Marshall Plan

美国政府在冷战初期颁布马歇尔计划,目的是通过振兴西欧各国经济来稳定那里的资本主义秩序。然而要实施这项政策,仅仅依靠西欧政府的合作还远远不够。当时,西欧左翼工会都反对马歇尔计划,并不断发动罢工以抵制它的实施。在这个关键时刻,美国主流工会发挥了白宫和国务院所不能起到的作用。在1947-1949年这段时间里,由于劳联和产联的上层在西欧工会中做了大量工作,致使右翼工会纷纷出来支持欧洲复兴,同时也导致西欧左翼工会的分裂,从而削弱了反对阵营的力量。这一切都为马歇尔计划的实施创造了条件,同时也充分显示出美国工会上层极端保守的政治性格。

The European Recovery Program （ERP）, or the Marshall Plan, announced by the U. S. government at the early stage of the Cold War, was meant to stabilize the capitalist system in Western Europe by revitalizing the economies in that region. But the leftist unions there were opposed to the ERP and resisted its implementation by staging numerous strikes. At this critical juncture, American Labor lent an indispensable hand to the White House. Between 1947 and 1949, U. S. labor leaders made tremendous efforts persuading the right -wing European unions to support the ERP and splitting the leftist labor organizations. These efforts resulted in the successful im- plementation of the Marshall Plan, but they also revealed the conservative character of American labor leaders.