近几十年吉林省水稻品质气候资源变化状况

Variation of Climatic Resource of Rice Quality in Jilin Province in Recent Decades

本文利用吉林省46个气象站1961～2015年逐日平均气温、日照时数、相对湿度数据,基于前人研究提出的东北地区米质气候指标,研究吉林省近几十年米质气候资源的变化情况及米质气候资源综合评价结果随年代的演变情况。研究结果表明:1961～2015年吉林省水稻灌浆结实期平均气温全省各地均呈上升趋势,并且大约有一半站点通过了0.05置信度水平的显著性检验;平均日太阳总辐射各地变化不一致,但大多数变化不显著;相对湿度普遍呈下降趋势,并且有30个站点通过了0.05水平的显著性检验。从吉林省2011～2015年平均米质气候资源综合评价情况来看,大部分地区综合评价达到Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,其中Ⅰ级占到所统计站点的80.4%。除20世纪70年代以外,各个年代米质气候资源都非常优越,米质气候资源综合评价达到Ⅰ级的站点均在76%以上,达到Ⅰ～Ⅱ级均在87%以上。尤其是2011～2015年为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的站点占91.3%,其中Ⅰ级占80.4%。

Using the daily mean temperature, sunshine hours and relative humidity data from 46 meteorological stations in Jilin Province from 1961 to 2015, and based on the previous studies on the climatic index of rice quality in northeast China, the changes of the climatic resources of rice quality in Jilin Province in recent decades and the evolution of comprehensive evaluation results of the climatic resources of rice quality were studied in the paper. The results showed that the average temperature in rice grain filling period in Jilin Province has an increase trend from1961 to 2015, and about half of the stations passed the significant test of 0.05 level. The average daily total solar radiation varied widely, but most of the changes were not significant. Relative humidity generally showed a downward trend, and 30 stations passed the significant test. According to the comprehensive evaluation of the average rice quality climatic resources in Jilin Province from 2011 to 2015, the comprehensive evaluation of most areas reached level Ⅰ-Ⅱ, of which level Ⅰ accounted for 80.4% of the statistical site. In all the years, the quality of the climatic resources were very superior, except for the 1970s, the comprehensive evaluation of the climatic resources of rice quality at more than 76% of the sites reached the level Ⅰ, and more than 87 % reached level Ⅰ-Ⅱ. In particular, during2011-2015, the level Ⅰ-Ⅱ accounted for 91.3 %, of which 80.4 % were level Ⅰ.