《黄帝内经》形神理论的哲学内涵

Philosophical Connotation of Body and Spirit Conception in Huangdi Neijing

中医学是包含哲学与科学思维的独特学科,若想确实掌握其内涵,绝不能忽视其哲学属性。形神观乃中医原创思维之一,认为人是形神协调统一的整体。《黄帝内经》中已具备形神理论之雏型,其哲学内涵主要有:(1)天地之气,形神相合成人;(2)形神(魂魄)可离,并具相守以长生;(3)神为精气,神可化分入五脏(五神脏理论);(4)形具神生,形体为神之基础;(5)神居于心,神为形体之主宰。因此,若能深入探究《黄帝内经》形神理论的哲学内涵,对提升理论高度与临床疗效,促进心身医学的发展均有裨益。

Traditional Chinese medicine（ TCM） is a unique subject involving both philosophical and scientific thoughts. The philosophical property of TCM should be taken into consideration to understand the connotation of TCM. The body and spirit conception is one of the original thoughts of TCM,which believes that human is a harmonious and unified whole of body and spirit. Huangdi Neijing already has a prototype of the body and spirit conception. The philosophical connotation mainly includes：（1）with the breath of heaven and earth,the consistency of body and spirit leads to the survival of a person;（2）the body and spirit（ soul） can be separated and get immortal when staying together;（3）spirit is a vital essence which runs in internal organs（ Five Shen Zang）;（4）spirit comes after body. Body is the basis of spirit;（5）spirit lives in heart which determines the body. Therefore,an in-depth exploration of the philosophical connotation of the body and spirit conception in Huangdi Neijing can help to improve the theoretical height and clinical effects,and enhance the development of psychosomatic medicine.