国际法与国内法的关系:国际组织法律文件的视角

A New Perspective of the Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law: Legal Instruments of International Organizations

当今国际组织跨越政治、经贸、军事、文化、环保等各个领域,呈现出纷繁复杂的样态。通过对联合国、国际法院和WTO以及其他一些典型国际组织的实践进行分析,以期能在这些国际组织及其作出的国际法律文件中窥视国际法与国内法的关系。在这些典型国际组织的实践中,都存在国际法和国内法之间的互动关系:国内法特别是在国际立法过程中发挥领导作用的大国的国内法一定程度上成为国际法的参考,甚至为之所用;反过来,国际法势必对各国国内法产生影响,其差别仅在于这种影响直接与否,这种影响实质上确定了国际法对于国内法的优先地位。

In today＇s world, international organizations span from politics,economy and trade, military affairs, to culture, environmental protection and so forth, featured with both diversity and complexity. This article examines the practices of some typical international organizations as the United Nations, the International Court of Justice and other international judicial bodies as well as World Trade Organization, concentrating on the international legal documents established by these international organizations, in light of the relationship between international law and municipal law. Undeniably, as suggested by the practice of the targeted international organizations, there are interactive relations between international law and municipal law. On one hand, municipal laws, particularly those of the nations who play the leading roles in the process of international legislation, set tones and substance of international laws. On the other nend, international law is bound to have legal effect on municipal laws of the nations, notwithstanding differences of states in giving international law domestic effect. As a matter of fact, this legal effect determines the prevalence of international law over municipal law.