从南海仲裁案看“南海行为准则”争端解决条款的制定——以《联合国海洋法公约》第281条为视角

From South China Sea Arbitration to Code of Conduct on South China Sea: From the Perspective of Interpretation and Application of UNCLOS Art.281

南海仲裁案仲裁庭强调《联合国海洋法公约》第281条下的争端解决协议具有"法律拘束力",而忽视中菲系列联合声明、《南海各方行为宣言》、《东南亚友好合作条约》、《生物多样性公约》中解决争端的合意;仲裁庭对第281条中"排除任何其他程序"采取明示标准,罔顾中菲在相关文件中依据第281条排除《联合国海洋法公约》强制仲裁程序的事实。南海仲裁案的违法管辖侵犯了中国依法享有的合法权益,对"南海行为准则"争端解决条款的磋商造成了一定影响。结合《联合国海洋法公约》第281条解释与适用的实践,"南海行为准则"争端解决条款应当重申区域内现有文件,坚持以《联合国海洋法公约》为原则,建立常态化的争端管控机制,明确排除强制程序,利用第281条真正将争端管控在区域内,有效应对司法挑战。

The tribunal of south China sea Arbitration emphasized that the dispute settlement agreement under article 281 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea should be legal binding, while ignoring the China-Philippine＇s consensus of dispute settlement on series of joint declaration, the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties of the South China Sea, Treaty of Amity and Co-operation in Southeast Asia, Convention on Biological Diversi ty. Otherwise, the Tribunal judged the affairs of ＂Exclude of any other proce dure＂ with expressed standard ignoring the fact that China and Philippines Agreed to exclude the binding procedure under UNCLOS. The illegal jurisdic tion of the South China Sea Arbitration violated China＇s right under UNCLOS and impacted on the consultation on the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea. Combined with the interpretation and application of article 281 under UN CLOS, the clause of dispute resolution under Code of Conduct on South Chi na Sea should reiterated the existing file, adhere to the principles of the UN CLOS, establish a normalized dispute control mechanism and disturb the illega arbitration at beginning.