基于投入产出表的北京市产业生态效率

Industrial eco-efficiency of Beijing based on an input-output table

提高生态效率对协调经济发展与环境保护的关系至关重要。为了了解北京市产业转型过程中各产业部门生态效率的变化趋势,识别提高影响北京市产业生态效率的关键部门,基于北京市投入产出表,运用指标体系法,选取水资源效率,以及废水、二氧化硫、工业固体废弃物的环境效率作为生态效率的衡量指标,核算了北京市2007、2010和2012年各部门的水资源效率以及2005、2007和2010年各部门的环境效率,并比较分析了各部门的水资源的完全用水系数以及污染物的完全排放系数,计算各部门之间完全排放量的相互贡献比例,识别了提高生态效率的关键部门。研究结果:(1)2007—2012年,北京市各部门水资源效率和2005—2010年废水、二氧化硫(SO_2)、工业固体废弃物的环境效率整体呈波动上升趋势。(2)农林牧渔业和废品废料部门是提高水资源效率的关键部门。(3)水的生产和供应业、化学工业、食品制造及烟草加工业、纺织业和造纸印刷及文教体育用品制造业是提高废水环境效率的关键部门。(4)石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业、非金属矿物制品业、金属冶炼及压延加工业、电力及热力的生产和供应业是提高SO_2环境效率的关键部门。(5)煤炭开采和洗选业、金属矿采选业、木材加工及家具制造业、非金属矿物制品业、金属冶炼及压延加工业、电力及热力的生产和供应业、水的生产和供应业是提高工业固体废弃物环境效率的关键部门。

Improving eco-efficiency to coordinate the relationship between economic development and environmental protection is very important. This study, based on the input-output table for Beijing, used the index system method to increase understanding about the eco-efficiency of various sectors currently undergoing industrial transformation and identify the key to improving eco-efficiency. Water resources, waste water, sulfur dioxide, and industrial solid waste were analyzed to create the index of eco-efficiency. They were used to assess the resource efficiency of the water resources in 2007, 2010, and 2012 for Beijing, as well as the environmental efficiency of each sector in 2005, 2007, and 2010. Then this study compared the complete water use coefficient and pollutant total discharge coefficient, calculated the total emissions contributions made by different sectors, and identified key ways to improve the efficiency of the ecological sector. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） the water efficiency between 2007 and 2012, and the environmental efficiency of wastewater, SOz, and industrial solid waste for each sector in Beijing between 2005--2010 increased, but this increase was variable; （2） the agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishery, and the waste material industries are key sectors that have a role in improving water efficiency; （3） water production and supply, the chemical industry, food manufacturing and tobacco processing, textiles and paper printing, and the cultural and educational sporting goods manufacturing industry are the key sectors that have most effect on improving the environmental efficiency of waste water; （4） petroleum processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing, non-metallic mineral products, the metal smelting and rolling industry, and the electricity, heat production and supply industry are the key sectors that have most effect on improving S02 environmental efficiency; and （5） the coal mining and washing industry, metal mining, wood processing and furniture manufacturing, non-metallic mineral products industry, metal smelting and rolling, electricity, heat production and supply industry, and the water production and supply industry are the key sectors that can help improve industrial solid waste efficiency.