减量施肥模式对稻麦轮作体系作物产量和养分利用效率的影响

Effect of Reducing Fertilizer Application Models on Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiencies in Rice-wheat Cropping System

为实现化肥高效施用和零增长目标,采用稻麦轮作两季作物大田试验,探讨不同减量施肥模式对轮作体系周年产量及养分利用效率的影响。试验设置不施肥(CK)、常规化肥(CF)以及等养分条件下有机肥与化肥配施(LF1)、有机肥与化肥配施基础上减20%化肥N增施氮肥增效剂(LF2)、有机肥与化肥配施基础上减20%化肥P增施磷素活化剂(LF3)以及有机肥与化肥配施基础上减20%化肥N+减20%化肥P增施氮肥增效剂+磷素活化剂(LF4),共6个处理。结果表明:与常规化肥(CF)相比,LF2处理的稻麦周年产量显著提高了7.6%,LF4处理的稻麦周年产量显著降低了6.2%,LF1和LF3处理对稻麦周年产量影响不显著;LF2处理能够显著增加周年氮、磷、钾素的偏生产力以及氮、磷素的吸收效率,LF4处理显著提高了周年氮、磷素的偏生产力和氮素的吸收效率同时也显著减低了钾素的偏生产力,LF1处理仅显著提高了周年氮素的利用效率,而LF3处理对周年氮、磷、钾素的养分利用效率各指标均无显著影响。综合结果表明,有机肥与化肥配施基础上减少20%化肥N增施氮肥增效剂(LF2)模式有利于协调作物养分吸收和提高产量,可作为长江中下游相似生态区域稻麦轮作种植减肥增效的优选模式。

In order to explore the effects of different reducing fertilizer application modes on crop yield, nutrient use efficiency in rlce-wheat cropping system and to provide theoretical basis for achieving high efficient application of chemical fertilizer and its zero increase in China, this paper carried out one-year 2 crops field experiment of rice-wheat cropping system. The experiment set 6 treatments including no fertilizer （CK）, conventional chemical fertilization （CF） , combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer （LF1） , reducing 20% chemical fertilizer plus increasing nitrogen fertilizer synergist application （LF2）, reducing 20% chemical phosphorus fertilizer along with phosphorus activator application（ LF3 ） , and reducing 20% chemical nitrogen fertilizer and 20% chemical phosphorus fertilizer along with nitrogen fertilizer synergist plus phosphorus activator application （LF4）. The results indicated that compared with conventional fertilizer （CF）, rice and wheat yield of LF2 treatment increased significantly by 7.6%, that of LF4 treatment decresed by 6.2%. The LF1 and LF3 treatments had no obvious effect on rice and wheat yield. The LF2 treatment could significantly increase the partial fertilizer productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and uptaking efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. The LF4 treatment could significantly increase nitrogen and phosphorus partial factor productivity （NPFP）, and the uptake efficiency （NUPE） of nitrogen and phosphorus, and significantly reduce potassium partial factor productivity （ PPFP ）. The LF1 treatment could significantly increase only the nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） , whereas the LF3 treatment had no significant effect on N, P, K nutrient use efficiency. In conclusion, the LF2 treatment was in favour of coordinating crop nutrient uptake and increase yield. It could be a preferent pattern for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency in rice- wheat cropping system at the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River and areas with similar ecological conditions.