施肥对富硒茶园茶叶硒含量、养分和品质的影响

Effects of Fertilization on Selenium Content,Nutrient and Quality of Tea in Se-enriched Tea Garden

为了给富硒茶产区提供高效优质安全的施肥措施,采用田间小区试验研究了有机肥配施磷、钾肥(O1-O6),单施有机肥(O7、O8),尿素配施磷、钾肥(U1-U6),单施尿素(U7、U8)对富硒茶园茶叶硒含量、养分和品质的影响。结果显示,不同施肥处理明显提高了春、夏季茶叶中有机硒的含量,且春茶有机硒含量高于夏茶,有机肥配施处理茶叶中有机硒含量高,两季茶叶均为O6处理提高最明显,含量分别为0.158 mg/kg和0.116 mg/kg,比常规施肥处理提升了62.12%和67.32%。氮、磷、钾含量总体表现为春茶>夏茶,O6处理春茶氮、磷、钾含量最高,较常规施肥处理分别增加了22.34%、59.18%和17.36%。有机肥配施处理对富硒茶园春茶品质、不同施肥处理对夏茶品质起到了明显的改善作用,茶叶酚氨比整体表现为春茶低,夏茶高,O6处理春茶酚氨比最小,较常规施肥处理降低了15.60%。回归分析表明,春季磷肥施用量对春茶有机硒含量有显著影响,春、夏季氮肥施用量对夏茶有机硒含量有显著影响。

In order to provide efficient, high quality and safe fertilization to se-enriched tea producing areas, this paper studied the effects of applying organic fertilizer combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer（O1-O6） , urea combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer （U1-U6） ; single application of organic fertilizer （ O7, O8）, and urea（ U7, U8） on tea selenium content, nutrient and quality in se-enriched garden by field experiment. The results showed that the organic selenium content in spring and summer tea leaves were increased obviously by different fertilization, and the content of organic selenium in spring tea leaves was higher than that of summer tea leaves. The content of organic selenium was high by treatment of organic fertilizer application and improvement in tea leaves of both seasons was the most obvious in 06 treatment, and the contents were 0. 158 mg/kg and 0. 116 mg/kg, respectively, which were increased by 62.12% and 67.32% compared with that by conventional fertilization. The overall performance of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content was spring tea〉summer tea, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium contents in spring tea were the highest in 06 treatment, increased by 22.34%, 59.18% and 17.36% compared with that of the conventional fertilization, respectively. Spring tea quality was improved obviously by combined application of organic fertilizer; and summer tea quality was improved obviously by different fertilization treatments. The overall performance of tea phenol ammonia ratio was spring tea 〈 summer tea, spring tea phenol ammonia ratio was the least in 06 treatment, reduced by 15.60% compared with that by conventional fertilization. Regression analysis showed that application of phosphate fertilizer in spring had significant effect on spring tea organic selenium content, application of nitrogen fertilizer in spring and summer had significant effect on summer tea organic selenium content.