放权、让利和松绑:中国经济改革的起步

Decentralization,Handing over Profits,and Loosening Up:The Beginning of China's Economic Reforms

中国经济改革是从放权、让利和松绑起步的。所谓放权、让利、松绑式改革,主要对四个方面:一是对农民,二是对国有企业,三是对地方政府,四是对城镇居民。改革的目标是搞活企业,搞活经济。放权让利式改革的收效各异:在农村,引导出一场深刻变革;在城镇,个体经济得以破茧而出;国有企业改革也取得一些成效,但难如人意。

China＇s economic reforms began with decentralization, handing over profits, and loosening up. The so-called ＂decentralization,＂ handing over profits, and loosening up primarily involved four entities： first, the peasants, second, the state-owned enterprises, third, local governments, and fourth, town residents. The goal of the reforms was to invigorate enterprises and the economy. However, the effects of decentralization were somewhat different：a profound change took place in the countryside and in the cities and towns the individual economy was able to break out of its cocoon. However, the reforms of state-owned enterprises were somewhat effective, they were still insufficient.