西魏北周封爵的封地问题

On the Issue of Fiefs in West Wei and Northern Zhou Periods

西魏北周封爵的封地开始虚封化。所以出现这种情况,是因为西魏北周受封爵者的封地,既有在统治区内的,也有在统治区外的,因而,就使封地不可能维持实封化。尽管西魏北周国家还继续使受封爵者领有食邑,但封地上的食邑只是等级和荣誉的象征。北周又在保定二年采取封爵等级与勋官秩级相结合的措施,进而确定有柱国以上勋官的受封爵者,能够以"别食"的方式获得实封地,因此,就使一些受封爵者的封地,既有虚封地,也有实封地。这种封地二元化情况的出现,正是隋、唐代实行"食实封"制度的重要影响因素。

In the West Wei and Northern Zhou,the fief to the Jue(爵位)had been granted virtually.The fief granted by the court some were within its dominion,but some were outside its dominion,the court had no measures to keep the fiefs actually.The court granted fiefs,how ever,the fiefs were only a symbol of rank and honor.In the second year of Baoding(保定),the Northern Zhou dynasty took measures to combine the rank of Jue with the grade of honor officers,so that the honor officers who had won the titles above Zhuguo could be got fiefs actually by the way of additional taken which means some knights both had the fiefs with virtual land and the actual land simultaneously.The dual fief structure was the important element which affected the implementation of the system of"Shi Shi Feng".