中国传统文化中诗歌流派范畴的理论性建构

The Theoretical Construction of the Category of Poetry Genres in Chinese Traditional Culture

在中国传统文化中,占有重要地位的诗歌领域之研究,"流派"是重要的范畴之一。其重要性在于,流派介于文学总体与作家个体之间,所处理的对象是文学家个体与群体的关系问题。"诗可以群",若文学仅仅是关乎个体的一种"存在",自生自灭,与外界绝缘,则其在文学史之价值可约等于零;只有个体之创作与他者、外界、群体发生关系——同时代或异时代之接受、传播、影响、渊源、传承等关系,其文学史价值方有所附丽。而这种同时代或异时代创作的承与变,及各种互动关系,正是"流派"研究的主要对象。流派的多少、特征、构成(或命名)方式、波及范围及其兴替影响,是衡量一个时代诗歌发展水平的重要尺度。在这一意义上,作为宏观研究与微观研究中介的"流派"范畴,可谓诗歌史研究的核心问题,也是体现中国传统文化脉络的重要一环。

＂School＂is one of the important categories in Chinese poetry,which occupies an important position in the field of traditional culture.The importance of ＂School＂is between the general and the individual,and the object is the relationship between the individual and the group.＂Poetry can make up agroup＂,if the literature is just a matter of individual ＂existence＂ outside the world,and emerging of itself and perishing of itself,so its value in the history of literature can be approximately equal to zero;only the creation of individual had relationship with others,groups,and outside—accept the same period,or different times of transmission,influence,origin and the inheritance relationship,and the literary value of him can depend on.It is the main object of the study of ＂Schools＂ that this kind of creation is at the same times or different times.How many ＂Schools＂ constitute characteristics（or name）,and its scope and influence,is an important measure of the level of development of an era of poetry.In this sense,the category of ＂School＂ as intermediary between macro research and micro research can be regarded as the core issue in the study of poetry history,and also an important link to embody the context of Chinese traditional culture.