社会科学哲学与方法论问题(笔谈)

Philosophy of Social Sciences and Its Methodology(Symposium)

社会科学哲学与方法论问题不但是当前理论哲学与实践哲学的聚集点,而且本身成为了跨学科实践的理智平台和作业场所。这可以追溯到新康德主义的说明和理解的区分与融通贯穿社会科学方法论问题的始终,这种架构又与当前社会科学哲学讨论中的因果性研究范式和规范性研究范式形成对应和映照。如果说实践推理是贯穿从亚里士多德的实践哲学到维特根斯坦及其后学的行动哲学的枢纽和中轴,那么规范性理由以及一种独立、自足的规范性概念则呈现为社会科学哲学新近论辩中着力淬炼和收敛的方向。一方面要正视表现为客观性、规范性和复杂性的当前社会科学方法论的多维化智识生态,另一方面要坚持基于"合理性"概念以及个案导向的行动分析的实践学进路,中文语境下的社会科学哲学和方法论问题,在此找到了其再出发的重要契机。

The issue concerning philosophy of social sciences and its methodology is only the focus of current theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy.It also has become an intellectual platform and a workplace for cross-discipline practice.It can be traced back to the distinction,as well as the connection,between the explanation and understanding,in Neo-Kantianism,which goes through the issue of methodology of social sciences from beginning to end.This structure also forms a contrast with causal research pattern and normative research pattern in current philosophical discussions of social sciences.If practical reasoning is the hub and axis that runs through the history from Aristotle's practical philosophy to philosophy of action in Wittgenstein and his disciples,normative reasons,as well as an independent and self-sufficient concept of norm,seems to direct recent debates on philosophy of social sciences.In order to create an important opportunity to restart,philosophy of social sciences and its methodology in the Chinese context should face the multi-dimensional intellectual ecology of current methodology of social sciences that shows objectivity,normativity and complexity on the one hand and stick to the practical approach of action analysis based on the concept of"rationality"and case orientation on the other.