第一次世界大战期间俄国大臣会议应战举措

Military Countermeasures of the Russian Council of Ministers during World War Ⅰ

第一次世界大战沙皇俄国以连续的军事失利和国内爆发革命而画上句号。一战期间,作为俄国最高行政执行机关的大臣会议面临着诸多艰巨的任务。大臣会议在协调各部门工作、军备物资筹措、解决兵源及交通运输方面均做出了积极努力,而上述工作对俄国一战的结果有着直接影响。通过对一战期间大臣会议活动效果的分析可以看出,大臣会议工作未能对俄国的前线战事提供有力的支持,沙皇与皇后集团及大臣会议机构本身等各方因素均对其工作产生了消极影响。对一战期间大臣会议的应战举措及其结果的研究,为我们进一步分析十月革命爆发的原因和俄国罗曼诺夫王朝统治的终结,提供了新的研究素材和视角。

In World War I,Russia suffered from successive military defeats and domestic revolutions.As the highest administrative executive organ in Russia during the War,the Council of Ministers was confronted with lots of formidable tasks.It did make great efforts to solve the coordination of relevant departments,arms supplies,sources of troops and transportation problems,which had a direct impact on the outcome of the war in Russia.By analyzing the effect of the Council of Ministers during the War,we can draw a conclusion that the Council of Ministers failed to provide strong support for the front military activities of Russia,and the Czar,the Queen Group,the Council of Ministers itself and other factors had influence on the activities of the Council.The study of the military countermeasures,as well as their results,of the Russian Council of Ministers during World War I provides us with new research materials and perspectives for further examination of the causes of the outbreak of October Revolution and the end of the reign of Romanov dynasty in Russia.