负面清单、透明度与法治原则——兼评我国自贸区外资管理的路径改革

Negative List,Transparency Principle and Rule of Law:Comments on the Reform of the Regulating Approach to the Foreign Investment in China Pilot Free Trade Zones

负面清单与正面清单在逻辑上存在根本区别。负面清单管理模式已经逐渐成为外资管理的主要模式。透明度原则在WTO框架下从边缘化的原则发展为核心原则,其内涵已经扩张为弱概念意义上的法治。负面清单具备透明度方面的优势,但与此同时透明度原则亦构成负面清单制度设计的限制。WTO框架下的透明度原则要求极大地推动了我国法治的发展。而负面清单管理模式作为更高水平的贸易自由化机制,在透明度方面提出了更高的要求,势必将进一步推动我国法治水平的提升。从另外一个角度来看,我国自贸区外资管理改革尝试必须以法治思维为基石,这是负面清单管理模式发挥透明度优势的前提。

The fundamental difference between the negative list and the positive list approach lies in their logical structure. The former gradually becomes a mainstream trend in the field of foreign investment regulation. The transparency principle evolves from the marginal principle to the core value under the WTO legal structure with its connotation extended to a weak meaning of the rule of law. Negative list has an advantage in transparency, while the transparency principle imposes limitations on its institution design. The requirements of transparency enshrined in WTO legal framework push forward the development of China＇s legal system. As a higher level of trade liberation which requires more transparency, the negative list will further promote the construction of Rule of Law in China. From another perspective, only if the reform of Free Trade Zones for foreign investment supervision is based on legal-thinking can the negative list take its advantage in transparency.