中国地方政府绩效评估的历史、模式与问题——基于政治锦标赛理论视角

The History,Model and Problems of Performance Evaluation of Local Government in China——Based on the Theoretical Perspective of Political Championships

基于政治、经济和社会形势的不断变化,中国各地政府在不同时期的功能定位不同,关于地方政府绩效评估的做法也不同。地方政府绩效评估差异的演进表现为:从建国之后到改革开放之前的围绕政治忠诚的单一考核,到改革开放以来前二十年的GDP导向下的经济绩效考核,再到改革开放以来后二十年社会力量参与下的综合评估,形成了内部独立评估、内部主导评估、外部主导评估和外部独立评估等差异显著的评估模式。这种差异在个体、群体以及整体层面导致多重问题,不利于各地实践的自我改进和完善,不利于地域间政府绩效评估能力的平衡发展,也不利于国内地方政府绩效评估实践的整体进步。基于中国地方政府的同构性特质,需要进一步加强地方政府绩效评估研究和实践,深入探索各类模式有机融合的路径。

Based on the changing political,economic and social situation,the functional orientations and practices of local governments in different historical periods varied greatly in China. In the government performance evaluation,it was shown as follows： from the single evaluation around political loyalty between the founding of the PRC and the start of the Reform and Opening-up,to the GDP-oriented economic performance evaluation in the first twenty years since the Reform and Opening-up,and the comprehensive evaluation under the participation of social forces in the last twenty years since the Reform and Opening-up. Such different evaluation models have been formed as internal independent evaluation,internal dominant evaluation,external dominant evaluation,and external independent evaluation. The differences brought multiple problems at the individual,group and overall levels,which were detrimental to the self-improvement of practices in various regions,to the balanced development of evaluation capability among different regions,and to the overall progress of the domestic evaluation practices. In the future,it is necessary to further strengthen the research and practice of local government performance evaluation and explore the path of organic integration of various models based on the isomorphic characteristics of local governments in China.