生前身后名:明末清初徐渭传记发微

Reputation Showed whether One Person Is Alive or Not:Research on the Biographies Describing XU Wei in Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

明代横空出世的徐渭,在诗文书画诸端均造诣精深,然为人却偏执狂傲,为明文坛奇谲畸僻之人。在世时困厄潦倒,不为时人推重;身后传记文字层出,垂名竹帛。发掘徐渭品性、才学最力者首推袁宏道,其后,书写徐渭传记渐渐发展成一股风潮。今择选明末清初八种徐渭传记为观察窗口,研习传记文本构成及情感逻辑,着重切入点是编撰者的三类身份。八种徐渭传记有文传、史传之别,刻画传主笔法亦有工笔或白描、叙述或议论、彰显或隐匿之分,在承袭之中寻求有所突破,体现出了一定的文献、文学价值。徐渭形象经过不同传记的塑造,在后世的接受中形成了层累系统。而追寻徐渭传记热潮形成的时代背景,在明末,则源于追慕尚奇、重情风尚;在清初,则受到定鼎之际士人心态的影响,两股力量合力,促生了此一文学现象。

XU Wei was an expert in poetry,essay,calligraphy and painting in the Ming dynasty,however,his character was paranoid and arrogant,in other words,he was peculiar and eccentric in the literary world.XU Wei was very poor when he was alive,and was ignored,while there were many biographies of him after he died.After Yuan Hong-dao created The Biography of XU Wen-chang,there was a trend of writing his biographies in late Ming and early Qing dynasties.Taking eight biographies describing XU Wei as examples,we discussed their text structures and emotional logic,especially,three types of identities of the editors and authors.Among the eight biographies,there were the differences between literary biographies and historical biographies,use of fine line painting and line drawing,narration and commentary,manifestation and concealment.And at the same time,there were obvious inheritance and breakthrough,and some documental value and literary value could be found.Different biographies shaped XU Wei＇s image,and formed system of heaping up.The popularity of XU Wei＇s biographies can be attributed to scholars＇singular taste and emotion-orientedness in Late Ming dynasty and scholar＇s mentality in early Qing dynasty.In a word,the literary phenomenon occurred when two powers met.