气候和气象因素与脑出血发病的相关性分析

Relationship between climatic factors and cerebral hemorrhagic disease

目的探索气象因素与脑出血发病的关系。方法收集2012年1月1日~2014年12月31日苏州大学附属第二医院神经内科住院的急性脑出血患者1125例,分析脑出血发作与每日气象因素的关系,包括气温、气压、湿度、降雨量、风向。每例脑出血患者发作时间也同时被分析。应用χ2拟合优度检验完成所有数据分析。结果脑出血患者男性多于女性,女性平均年龄大于男性[(64.17±15.75)岁vs(62.27±15.09)岁,P<0.01]。就诊月份分布:脑出血1月份占11.4%,发病人数最多;9月份占5.0%,发病人数最少。昼夜分布:脑出血在0400~0800发病最多。年龄≤45岁患者,脑出血在1600~2000发病最多。单因素相关分析显示,脑出血与日平均气温、日平均最高气温、日平均最低气温呈负相关(r=-0.157,P<0.05;r=-0.163,P<0.05;r=-0.156,P<0.05),与日平均气压呈正相关(r=0.157,P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,脑出血与日平均气温、日平均最高气温、日平均最低气温和日平均气压相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论脑出血发病有明显季节和月份差异,冬季多发,寒冷月份多发,夏季少发。脑出血发病与气温、气压、风向有关。

Objective To study the relationship between climatic factors and cerebral hemorrhagic disease.Methods A total of 1125 cerebral hemorrhage patients were included in this study.The relationship between the onset time of cerebral hemorrhage and daily climatice factors（including temperature,humidity,atmospheric pressure,wind direction and rainfall volume）was analyzed and the onset time of cerebral hemorrhage in each patient was analyzed according to theχ2 test for goodness of fit.Results The number of male cerebral hemorrhagy patients was greater than that of female cerebral hemorrhage patients.The mean age of female cerebral hemorrhage patients was older than that of male cerebral hemorrhage patients（P〈0.01）.The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage accounted for 11%in January in a greatest number of such patients,accounted for 5.0%in September in a smallest number of such patients,and was the highest at h 4-8 AM and at h 16-20 FM in≤45 years old cerebral hemorrhage patients.Univariate correlation analysis showed that cerebral hemorrhage was negatively related with daily mean temperature,daily mean maximal and minimal temperature（r=-0.157,r=-0.163,r=-0.156,P〈0.05）,positively related with daily mean atmospheric pressure（r=0.157,P〈0.05）.Multivariate linear stepwise analysis showed that cerebral hemorrhage was related with daily mean temperature,maximal and minimal temperature,and daily mean atmospheric pressure（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.Conclusion The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage differs in seasons and months,is higher in winter and lower in summer,and is thus related with temperature,atmospheric pressure and wind direction.