微塑料和纺织纤维研究综述

Microplastics and textile fibers—a critical review

归纳整理了合成纤维纺织品在洗涤过程中脱落的微塑料及其排放至污水处理厂(WWTP)中的相关报告和研究,综述了微塑料排放到水环境中的一些推论。最近,一些关于服装洗涤脱落纤维排放量的推论令人质疑,由于其运用了错误的转换因子进行计算,因此获得了夸大的数据。利用污水处理厂排放至污水中的纤维的量对此进行评估较合理,因为污水中的纺织纤维可被有效截留,仅部分残留在污泥中;而污泥常用于农业施肥及土地利用,这会导致合成纤维在环境中的扩散。因此,合成纤维纺织品(尤其是户外用纺织品)在品质上应具有较好的耐用性,以避免其在使用过程中产生脱落。

The critical reviews of reported and published studies about the release of fibrous particles from the washing of synthetics,their emissions from wastewater treatment plants （WWTP） and about extrapoaltions of their emissions into the aquatic environment were summarized. Recent extrapolations used questionable results related to the release from garment laundering, and calculated with erroneous conversion factors, thus resulting in exaggerated amounts. A better approach for those estimations would be the use of fiber concentrations in the effluents of WWTP, where textile fibers are effectively retained, partly embedded in the sewage sludge. The use of sewage sludge for agricultureal fertilization or for land use results in the spreading of artificial material in the enviromnent. Therefore the quality of synthetic textiles - particula, rly those intended for outdoor applications-should have low release and a good durability, to avoid intense shedding during use.