浅析二战后美国联邦政府高等教育问责政策

An Analysis on Accountability Policy to Higher Education of US Federal Government after World War Ⅱ

美国联邦政府对大学的问责经历了20世纪70年代之前的几乎不过问,到70年代开始间接督促表现,90年代逐步直接监督成本,到21世纪以来开始直接全面关注大学效益的历史进程。这一历史演变进程体现了:在保障大学自治的前提下,联邦政府对大学的问责正变得越来越直接与全面;问责理念经历大学是独立主体到大学是教育过程的转变;对学生与家长负责,是联邦政府问责大学的主要目的所在。

The accountability policy of the US federal government to universities has experiencedsuch historical evolution process as little supervision before the 1970s, indirectly supervising perfor-mance from the 1970s, supervising the costs directly in the 1990s, and paying full attention to universi-ty benefits in the 21st century. It reflects the fact that under the precondition of ensuring university au-tonomy, the federal government’s accountability policy to the university is becoming more and more di-rect and comprehensive; the concept of accountability is changed to that the university is an education-al process, not an independent subject; the main purpose of the federal government＇s accountability tothe university is responsible for students and parents.