提前喷施叶面肥对增强翻秋晚稻抵御寒露风能力的分析

Analysis of Pre-spraying Foliage Fertilizer on Fanqiu Late Rice Enhance the Ability of Resisting Cold Dew Wind

近年来,翻秋种植(早稻品种作晚稻直播栽培)以其节本高效、缓解双季稻季节矛盾等优势得以迅速发展,但翻秋晚稻抽穗期迟于移栽晚稻,更易受寒露风影响而减产。本研究以始穗期寒露风来临前2d设置喷施清水(CK)、喷施宝(T1)、寒露风来临当天施喷施宝(T2)3个处理,研究提前喷施叶面肥对翻秋晚稻抵御寒露风能力的影响及其机理,以期为提高翻秋晚稻应对寒露风的避灾减灾能力提供技术支撑及理论依据。结果表明:与CK及T2相比,提前喷施叶面肥(T1)可促进翻秋晚稻安全齐穗,缩短生育期3~4d;有利于增加灌浆期的净光合速率,促进后期叶片SPAD值与净光合速率的正常衰减,提前喷施叶面肥后植株的C、N营养更协调,干物质运转更通畅,从而显著提高籽粒灌浆速率,增加结实率9.5~13.9个百分点,增产15.8%~23.7%;提前喷施叶面肥还可改善翻秋晚稻稻米的外观品质及加工品质。可见,通过气象预警,提前喷施叶面肥可有效增强翻秋晚稻抵御寒露风的能力。

In recent years, Fanqiu-late rice（early rice varieties for late rice direct seeding cultivation） planting is developing rapidly with the advantages of low-cost and high-economic benefits, relieve of the season contradictions during double-cropping rice production. However, the grain yield of Fanqiu late rice was lower than that of late rice for that it was affected by cold dew wind at heading stage. Therefore, to provide technical support and theoretical basis for improving the disaster avoidance and reduction ability of Fanqiu-late rice responded on cold dew wind. Three treatments including clear water（CK） and foliage fertilizer Penshibao（T1） were pre-sprayed at 2 days before cold dew wind, and Penshibao（T2） at the cold dew wind coming day in initial heading stage were used to studied the mechanism of disaster avoidance and reduction about Fanqiu-late rice resisting cold dew wind in the present paper. The results showed that, compared with CK and T2, pre-spraying foliage fertilizer（T1） could promote Fanqiu-late rice for full heading safely, the growth period reduced three to four days; T1 was good for increasing the net photosynthetic rate at grain filling stage, facilitated the value of SPAD to decline, and thus promoting net photosynthetic rate to attenuate normally, so that the carbon nutrition of the plant was more coordinated with nitrogen nutrition, dry matter run more smoothly. Therefore, the grain filling rate of T1 were increased significantly（P〈0.05）, seed-setting rate of T1 were increased 9.5 to 13.9 percent point, and the grain yield of T1 were increased 15.8% to 23.7%. And the appearance quality and processing quality of rice were improved by apply with pre-spraying foliage fertilizer practice. As a result, it was a better way to increase the capacity of disaster avoidance and reduction to resist the cold dew wind of Fanqiu-late rice by application of pre-spraying foliage fertilizer practice.