语言接触对佤语数词系统的影响

The Effects of Language Contact on Numeral System of Wa Language

佤语的数词系统在佤语各方言土语中呈现出很大的差异,主要表现为数词系统中是否有傣借数词。傣语数词对佤语数词系统的影响是不平衡的,这种不平衡性是由语言接触强度的不同导致的,在地域上表现为特点不同的"四大分区"。"四大分区"是根据佤语中数词借用范围的大小划分出来的,其中数词的借用情况各有特点,包括数词的全部转用、部分转用、部分混用、部分兼用和新概念的借用等五种情况。在此基础上,结合佤傣民族的交往史,可以从语言接触角度归纳出佤语中数词借用的几点成因,包括经济因素、宗教文化因素、族际婚姻、语言态度、民族分布情况和地理环境。再结合傣汉语言接触的研究可知,数词的借用其实是一个接续的过程,佤语实际上是通过傣语借入了部分古汉语的数词。

There are big differences in numeral system of Wa language,varying from different regions.Whether there exist numerals borrowing from Dai language is the main feature of the difference. In fact,the effects of Dai numerals having on Wa numeral system show an imbalance,which is mainly caused by the intensity of language contact. According to the number of loaned numerals,we can divide Wa language into ＂four zones＂with distinctive characteristics. The borrowing situations of ＂four zones＂include whole-shift,part-shift,part-blending,part-borrowing and the borrowing of new concepts. Based on the situations above and the history of the relationship between Wa people and Dai people,the reasons of borrowing of numerals from the perspective of language contact can be analyzed,including economic cause,religious and cultural cause,interethnic marriage,the distribution of different ethnic groups,language attitude and geographic environment. In the end,according to the study of language contact between Dai people and Han people,it concludes that the borrowing of numerals is a transmitting process and a part of Wa numerals actually are borrowed from Old Chinese through Dai language.