作者身份与叙事权威的消解与建构——道格拉斯《自述》中的类文本分析

Destruction and Construction of Author's Identity and Narrative Authority——An Analysis of Paratexts in Frederick Douglass's Narrative of the Life of an American Slave

弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的自传《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯:一个美国奴隶的自述,由他本人撰写》伴随有多种重要类文本,这些类文本均能在一定程度上凸显自传正文本的主旨和内涵,并对正文本叙事产生"消极"或"积极"作用,其中正文前的加里森的序言与菲利普斯的来信消解了作者的主体意识和身份权威,而道格拉斯的附录及致老主人的信则是对此的有力回击,重构了道格拉斯作为自由、平等的作家及思想家身份及其自传作者的叙事权威。

Frederick Douglass＇ s autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,an American Slave,Written by Himself abounds with miscellaneous important paratexts,which can highlight the themes and connotations of the autobiography to some extent and have ＂negative＂or＂positive＂effects on the textual narrative. Garrison＇s preface and Phillips＇ s letter that are put in front of the text destruct the author＇s subject consciousness and authority of self-identity,while Douglass＇ s appendix and his letter written to his former owner are eloquent responses to the two paratexts,which helps reconstruct Douglass＇ s self-identity as a free and equal writer and thinker and narrative authority.