北朝鲜土地改革时期的农业支援政策分析——以资金、物资支援为中心

An Analysis of Agricultural Support Policy in the Period of Land Reform in the DPRK——Centered on financial and material support

北朝鲜在1946年3月实行了土地改革,将全朝鲜一半的土地从侵略者和地主阶级转移到贫农手中,满足了贫农阶层长期以来对土地的强烈渴望,同时也为新成立的临时人民委员会争取到了广大农民的支持。但土地并不是农业生产唯一需要的生产资料,耕牛、种子、化肥、农具、灌溉设施等都是土改后留给国家和农民的大难题。政府通过新建立的农民银行贷款给农民解决资金问题,同时也对各项农业资源的分配和使用进行直接干预,在解放后资金和物资极其困顿的条件下保证了土改后第一年的农业生产顺利开展。

The DPRK carried out land reform in March 1946,transferred half of its land from aggressors and landlords to the poor peasants,and satisfied the longstanding thirst for land among the poor peasant class.At the same time,it also won the support of the broad masses of peasants for the newly established interim people's Committee.However,land is not the only means of production needed for agricultural production.Cattle,seeds,fertilizers,farm implements,and irrigation facilities are the major problems left to the state and farmers after the land reform.The government has provided loans to farmers through newly established farmers' banks to solve the problem of financing,and has also directly intervened in the allocation and use of various agricultural resources.Under the conditions of extremely difficult funds and materials after liberation,the agricultural production in the first year after the land reform was carried out smoothly.