朝鲜族小学生汉语能力的优势及成因

The Advantages and Causes of Chinese Korean Pupils' Chinese Ability in Compulsory Education

少数民族学生的汉语能力对我国民族地区的发展和中华民族的凝聚力有着重要作用。从交际语言能力视角看,少数民族汉语能力由汉语知识、汉语技能、文化意识、学习策略和情感态度五个要素构成。对朝鲜族小学生汉语能力考察的结果表明,朝鲜族小学生汉语语音标准,词汇量丰富,汉文化意识浓厚,对汉语文化有着深厚的感情,在语言运用中理解能力高于表达能力,表现出较高的汉语综合能力和良好的汉语素养。这主要源于党和国家及延边朝鲜族自治州的语言政策、理论与实践相结合的汉语教学纲领性文件、中朝(韩)历史文化渊源、尊师重教的民族传统和高素质的教师队伍。

The Chinese ability of minority students plays an important role in the development of our national regions and the cohesion of the Chinese nation.From the perspective of communicative language competence,minority Chinese competence consists of five elements:Chinese knowledge,Chinese skills,cultural consciousness,learning strategy and emotional attitude.The results of the investigation on the Chinese ability of Chinese Korean pupils in compulsory education show that Korean pupils have rich vocabulary,strong awareness of Chinese culture and deep feelings towards Chinese culture.The ability of understanding is higher than the ability of expression in the use of language,showing high comprehensive ability of Chinese and good Chinese accomplishment.This is mainly due to the language policy of the Party,the state and autonomous prefectures,the programmatic documents of Chinese teaching combined with theory and practice,the historical and cultural origins of China and Korea,the national tradition of respecting teachers and attaching great importance to education,and the high quality teachers.