虚无主义与后物质主义价值观

Values of Post-materialism and Nihilism

在现代思想家的阵营里,对虚无主义的认识和批判,马克思和尼采的成就最引人瞩目。马克思认为虚无主义是等级的和固定的东西烟消云散,神圣的东西都被亵渎。尼采定义虚无主义是对无价值无意义的信仰,相信不存在胜于存在,是最高价值的自行贬值。鉴于虚无主义盛行将带来的一系列问题,马克思和尼采有力地批判虚无主义。在研究虚无主义的相关文献中,他们的著作能够为今天人们反思虚无主义提供思想资源与启迪实践智慧。英格尔哈特提出的"后物质主义"价值观是对这份思想遗产的继承,既包含着对虚无主义斗争的现实总结,也孕育着反虚无主义之后,人们对价值问题的重新认识。

Marx and Nietzsche are the most extraordinary representatives in modern conception of cognition and criticism on ni- hilisrm. The former generalized that nihilism melts what is hierarchical and solid, and profanes all that is holy. Meantime, Nie-tzsche summarized it as ＇faitli to nonsense（,, believing that it values nonexistence more than existence and is therefore the depre-ciation of ultimate values. They bothi noted that prevalence of nihilism will cause problms and that nihilism should be criticized. For thieir outstanding worlds on nihilism, people have abundant resources and practical wisdom to view nihilism at a reflective l v - el. Inglehart’ s Post-materialism, an inheritance from Marx and Nietzsche, is a summary of peopl ’ s fights against nihilism adtheir new knowledge about thie isu e of values.