新中国成立前后中国共产党对城乡关系的认识与定位

Shifting the Focus of Work: CCP's Understanding and Defining of the Urban-Rural Relationship before and after 1949

适时调整工作重心、转换城乡关系是中国共产党在革命与建设时期与时俱进的重大战略举措。新中国成立前,中国共产党为夺取政权开辟了"农村包围城市"的革命道路,奠定了革命成功的基础。但随着时局变化,党的工作重心在建政后发生了巨变,即将执掌全国政权的中国共产党以"城乡兼顾"原则处理"城市与乡村的阻隔",着力发展交通运输、打通全国市场、重建商业网络,最终通过建立大区级、地区性、基层等三个市场层级逐步扭转城乡阻隔的局面,改变了近代以来畸形的城乡关系结构,为新中国成立初期"城乡互助"的局面创造了条件。

The timely adjustments of the focus of work by transforming the urban-rural relationship are major strategic measures for the Chinese Communist Party to advance with the times in the period of revolution and construction. Before the founding of New China, the Party adopted the revolutionary road of ＂surrounding the city from the countryside＂ to seize power, leading to its final success. With its coming into power in 1949,however, the focus of the party＇s work underwent tremendous changes. It adopted the policy of putting urban and rural areas on an equal basis to handle the isolation of one from the other, focusing on developing transportation, linking national and local markets, and re-building commercial networks. Three levels—regional, provincial and local—of markets were eventually established, which broke down the barriers between urban and rural areas, changing the deformed urban-rural relationship and creating conditions for ＂urban and rural mutual assistance＂ in the early 1950 S.