巴金,反什么“封建”与如何“反封建”?——重述《家》到《寒夜》的精神脉络

What is the Feudalism and How to Fight against It in the Eyes of Ba Jin?——Reinterpreting the Spiritual Thread from Family to Cold Night

虽然巴金和五四新文学的"反封建"都遭遇了不少的质疑,但是重新解读《家》到《寒夜》的精神脉络却十分必要。从根本上说,巴金所追求的"反封建"秉承的是五四的传统,实施的是"伦理"层面的思想革命。与政治革命不同,伦理的反叛属于一种文化思想的新旧对话,是新思想在分歧、矛盾中逐步推进、传播,是情感的转移、重塑与涅槃,它并不追求对于"传统文化"的毁灭和破坏,而是将人的生存权利和精神解放作为最大的目标,沿着这样的方向,巴金的《家》满怀激情,而《寒夜》则走向深沉,这里所体现的恰恰是伦理革命在"反叛"中自我调整、自我完善的能力。

Although the theme of ＂anti-feudalism＂ in Ba Jin＇s works and of the May 4 th New Cultural Movement has been quite questioned, it is essential to reinterpret the spiritual thread of thoughts developed in Ba Jin＇s novels from Family to Cold Night. Basically, the anti-feudal spirit pursued by Ba Jin stems from tradition of the May 4 th which focuses more on carrying out ideological revolution at an ethical level.Compared with political revolution, the rebelling ethics is attached to discourses of ideological and cultural dimensions between the old and the new. It is during this process that the new thoughts gradually grow and spread while emotions are transformed, reshaped and finally regain a new life. Ethical Revolution takes as its ultimate pursuit the rights of human survival and spiritual liberation rather than the destruction of ＂traditional culture＂. Along the same lines, Ba Jin＇s novel Family is full of passion, but his Cold Night tends to be melancholy, just reflecting the self-correction and improvement competence of ethical revolution.