从“域外小说”回归“中国叙事”——巴金短篇小说《将军》文本意义再审视

Back to “Chinese Narrative” from “Extra-territorial Fiction”——A Re-examination of the Textual Meaning of “The General” by Ba Jin

巴金创作于1933年10月的短篇小说《将军》,体现了其思想重心和叙事方式的深刻调整。作品别开生面地写出了主人公诺维科夫的"将军"幻想,借由白俄主人公这一嵌入中国社会的独特的他者形象,巴金不仅将小说的叙事空间从以往"域外小说"中的异国拉回中国,而且激活了他在上海这一半殖民地空间中的生命体验,及其深厚的俄国文学与思想的积淀。巴金从"反帝"的角度,切入了彼时左翼文学白俄叙事的批判主题。通过《将军》这一成功的白俄叙事,巴金不仅实现了回归"中国"的文学转向,而且为左翼文学注入了深刻的人道主义思想。重新审视此一"将军"幻想的生产,有助于探究巴金的思想形塑,乃至中国现代文学革命话语的多重面向。

Ba Jin＇s profound change of thought and the narrative manner is revealed in ＂The General＂, a short story he wrote in Oct, 1933. In this text, the protagonist is the ＂general＂ named Novikov, who, as one of White émigrés, became undoubtedly a peculiar other in Chinese society. In telling the story about Novikov,Ba Jin unfolded the condition of his personal life in Shanghai, a semi-colonial space in China, unlike the exotic land in his own ＂extra-territorial fiction＂. Ba Jin was not only familiar with Russian literature, but was also concerned about the relationship between China and Russia at that time. Therefore, by narrating the story of Novikov＇s living in Shanghai from the perspective of anti-imperialist, Ba Jin responded with the critical claim among the narratives of Left-Wing literature on White émigrés. At this point, Ba Jin completed his literary return to ＂Chinese narrative＂ from his ＂extra-territorial fiction＂, and contributed his thought of humanism to Left-Wing literature. A reexamination of ＂The General＂ will reveal the growing up of a writer and the complexity of the revolutionary discourses in Chinese modern literature.